Examining face validity of visual stimuli used in preference assessments for older adults with communication impairments

Preference assessment is integral to person-centered treatment planning for older adults with communication impairments. This study aimed to establish preliminary face validity of photographs selected to enhance comprehension of the Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory–Nursing Home (PELI-NH). Qualitative cognitive interviews included 21 participants with no known cognitive or communication deficits. Sixty-four percent of stimuli achieved face validity criteria without revisions, with the remaining needing at least one revision. The study found that cognitive interviewing was useful for improving face validity of stimuli pertaining to personal care topics. Abstract and subjective preferences (such as cultural traditions) may be more challenging to represent. The project provides a framework for further testing of the PELI with partnered imagery with older adults with cognitive, hearing, and communication impairments.